Making a lithium-ion battery, of the sort that can power an electric vehicle, is a bit like baking a cake. The ion-rich powder is first mixed into a lump-free batter, then spread evenly on foil. The solvents must be dried in an oven, just as baking removes water, then the results must be carefully stacked. The underlying chemistry is fairly well understood. But the best battery-makers, like the best bakers, improve their craft over years in the kitchen.
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