Evelyn Reynolds

Nonfarm payrolls surged by 256,000 for the month, up from 212,000 in November and above the 155,000 forecast.
The unemployment rate edged down to 4.1%, one-tenth of a point below expectations. A broader jobless measure moved down to 7.5%, a decrease of 0.2 percentage point and the lowest since June 2024.
Average hourly earnings increased 0.3% on the month, which was in line with forecasts, but the 12-month gain of 3.9% was slightly below the outlook.
Stock market futures plunged after the report while Treasury yields soared as traders price in a lower probability of Fed rate cuts this year.

Job growth was much stronger than expected in December, likely providing the Federal Reserve less incentive to cut interest rates this year.
Nonfarm payrolls surged by 256,000 for the month, up from 212,000 in November and above the 155,000 forecast from the Dow Jones consensus, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Friday.

The unemployment rate edged down to 4.1%, one-tenth of a point below expectations. An alternative measure that includes discouraged workers and those holding part-time positions for economic reasons moved down to 7.5%, a decrease of 0.2 percentage point and the lowest since June 2024.
Stocks plunged plunged after the report while Treasury yields soared as traders price in a lower probability of Fed rate cuts this year.
“This is a hot report,” said Dan North, senior economist for North America at Allianz Trade. “You have to think that [Fed Chair] Jerome Powell is breathing a sigh of relief in the sense that his job just got a little bit easier. Inflation hasn’t been moving anywhere for months, so there’s no incentive to cut rates. Now you get this [jobs report] so you don’t need to cut rates to stimulate the economy.”
The report brings to a close a year in which employment grew each month, though inconsistently and at times raising questions over whether a recession loomed. However, the final two months showed a labor market still operating at strength as the Fed contemplates its next moves on monetary policy.

One area that Fed officials have stressed to not be a source of inflation is the labor market, and wages grew slightly less than expected.

Average hourly earnings increased 0.3% on the month, which was in line with forecasts, but the 12-month gain of 3.9% was slightly below the outlook and indicative that wage inflation at least is becoming less of a factor. The average workweek again held steady at 34.3 hours.
“You’re never going to hear me complain that we got 250,000 jobs,” Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee said on CNBC’s “Squawk on the Street.” “I think it’s a strong jobs report. It makes me further comfortable that the job market is stabilizing at something like the full employment rate.”

Job growth came from the familiar sources of health care (up 46,000), leisure and hospitality (43,000), and government (33,000).
Retail also saw a sizeable gain, up 43,000 after losing 29,000 in November heading into the holiday shopping season. The sector saw payroll growth of 2.2 million for the full year, down sharply from the 3 million gain in 2023.
Revisions for prior months were less substantial than has been the recent trend. The October count saw an upward change of 7,000 to 43,000, while the November number was cut by 15,000 from the prior estimate.
At their December meeting, Fed officials deemed the labor market mostly healthy though slowing. The Fed voted at the meeting to lower its key borrowing rate by a quarter percentage point while indicating a slower pace of reductions ahead.
Markets expect the Fed to hold pat at the meeting later this month, with futures pricing after the jobs report swinging to the expectation of just one cut this year. The market-implied probability of a single cut increased to 68.5% after the jobs report, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch gauge.

Goolsbee said he still expects rate cuts this year as long as the data flow stays consistent.
“The surprisingly strong jobs report certainly isn’t going to make the Fed less hawkish,” said Ellen Zentner, chief economic strategist at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management. “All eyes will now turn to next week’s inflation data, but even a downside surprise in those numbers probably won’t be enough to get the Fed to cut rates any time soon.”
Central bankers have expressed concern lately with the pace of inflation, which has held above the Fed’s 2% target largely because of stubbornly high housing costs as well as some goods prices.
The household report, which the BLS uses to calculate the unemployment rate, presented an even stronger jobs picture. That count increased by 478,000 on the month , as the labor force grew by 243,000 and the share of working age people either holding jobs or looking for employment held steady at 62.5%.
Full-time employment increased by 87,000, while part-time workers surged by 247,000. The level of unemployed workers fell by 235,000.
The duration of unemployment edged higher to 23.7 weeks, the highest level since April 2022. However, those reporting out of work for 27 weeks or more declined to 1.55 million, down 103,000.

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Economists expect the Bureau of Labor Statistics to report a gain of 155,000 in nonfarm payrolls in December, a step down from the surprising 227,000 increase in November.
Details of the report will be key, with some on Wall Street expecting that the number could come in a bit weaker than the consensus.
Goldman Sachs, for one, estimates that payroll growth will come in at just 125,000, with the unemployment rate drifting up to 4.3%.

Signage at the New York Public Library’s annual Bronx Job Fair & Expo at the Bronx Library Center in the Bronx borough of New York, US, on Friday, Sept. 6, 2024. 
Yuki Iwamura | Bloomberg | Getty Images

The December jobs report is likely to provide only limited clarity on where the labor market is headed, with experts differing on how pronounced a slowdown there is in hiring.
From a consensus view, economists expect the Bureau of Labor Statistics on Friday morning to report a gain of 155,000 in nonfarm payrolls, a step down from the surprising 227,000 increase in November but about in keeping with the four-month average. The unemployment rate is forecast to hold steady at 4.2%.

However, the details of the report will be key, with some on Wall Street expecting that the number could come in a bit weaker, depending on how seasonal trends and other factors play out.
“We’ve seen a little bit of the softening, and I think we’ll continue to see that, but it’s still a good [labor] market overall,” said Maureen Hoersten, chief operating officer and interim CEO at LaSalle Network, a Chicago-based staffing firm. “Things are leveling off a little bit. People are still a tad cautious, trying to figure out this new year and the new economic climate and political climate.”
On average, the economy in 2024 added about 180,000 jobs a month through November, though the data has been volatile and somewhat confusing lately. Federal Reserve Governor Michelle Bowman said Thursday that labor market reports “have become increasingly difficult to interpret” due to measurement challenges, which have included a surge of new workers and low response rates on surveys.
The December report also could be harder to judge depending on how the hiring of holiday workers affects the numbers.
Goldman Sachs, for one, estimates that payroll growth will come in at just 125,000, with the unemployment rate drifting up to 4.3%.

“Our forecast reflects a rebound in the labor force participation rate and middling household employment growth amid more challenging job-finding prospects,” the Wall Street bank said in a note. “We expect deceleration in job growth in non-retail sectors, particularly professional services and construction, to more than offset stronger retail hiring this month.”
Similarly, Citigroup is predicting just 120,000 new jobs and a 4.4% unemployment rate, which economist Andrew Hollenhorst wrote “should remind markets that the labor market has not stabilized and is continuing to soften. Risks are balanced to an even softer reading.”
However, Hoersten said she thinks that once some of the current volatile factors subside, companies will continue adding head count, even if at a gradual rate. A Bureau of Labor Statistics report Tuesday put job openings in November at a six-month high of just over 8 million, while layoffs were little changed and the quits rate, a measure of worker mobility, declined.
At the Federal Reserve’s December meeting, officials noted an “ongoing gradual easing in labor market” conditions, but saw “no signs of rapid deterioration,” according to minutes released Wednesday.
In a recent business survey, LaSalle Network found that 67% of small and midsize companies plan to increase head count in 2025, down from 74% the year before. The survey also found that salary increases are expected to be smaller and hybrid working is likely to remain prevalent as a wedge to compete against larger companies for workers.
Average hourly earnings are expected to show a 0.3% increase in December and an annual rate of 4% from a year ago, little changed from November.
“Right now, I think things are just going to stay fairly flat overall, nothing drastic one way or the other,” Hoersten said. “But I do believe it’s still a good, strong market, and companies just needed to get past the little bit of a crazy climate over the past couple months and get back to the steady state.” More