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    Data centers powering artificial intelligence could use more electricity than entire cities

    Data center campuses power artificial intelligence and cloud computing
    The campuses could grow so large that finding enough power and suitable land to accommodate them becomes increasingly difficult.
    Renewable energy alone won’t be sufficient anytime soon to meet their power needs.
    Natural gas will have to play a role, which will slow progress toward meeting carbon dioxide emissions targets.

    An Amazon Web Services data center in Ashburn, Virginia, US, on Sunday, July 28, 2024.
    Nathan Howard | Bloomberg | Getty Images

    The power needs of artificial intelligence and cloud computing are growing so large that individual data center campuses could soon use more electricity than some cities, and even entire U.S. states, according to companies developing the facilities.
    The electricity consumption of data centers has exploded along with their increasingly critical role in the economy in the past 10 years, housing servers that power the applications businesses and consumers rely on for daily tasks.

    Now, with the advent of artificial intelligence, data centers are growing so large that finding enough power to drive them and enough suitable land to house them will become increasingly difficult, the developers say. The facilities could increasingly demand a gigawatt or more of power — one billion watts — or about twice the residential electricity consumption of the Pittsburgh area last year.
    Technology companies are in a “race of a lifetime to global dominance” in artificial intelligence, said Ali Fenn, president of Lancium, a company that secures land and power for data centers in Texas. “It’s frankly about national security and economic security,” she said. “They’re going to keep spending” because there’s no more profitable place to deploy capital.
    Renewable energy alone won’t be sufficient to meet their power needs. Natural gas will have to play a role, developers say, which will slow progress toward meeting carbon dioxide emissions targets.
    (See here for which stocks are helping to fix the nation’s power grid.)
    Regardless of where the power comes from, data centers are now at a scale where they have started “tapping out against the existing utility infrastructure,” said Nat Sahlstrom, chief energy officer at Tract, a Denver-based company that secures land, infrastructure and power resources for such facilities.

    And “the funnel of available of land in this country that’s industrial zone land that can fit the data center use case — it’s becoming more and more constrained,” said Sahlstrom, who previously led Amazon’s energy, water and sustainability teams.
    Beyond Virginia
    As land and power grow more limited, data centers are expanding into new markets outside the long-established global hub in northern Virginia, Sahlstrom said. The electric grid that serves Virginia is facing looming reliability problems. Power demand is expected to surge, while supply is falling due to the retirement of coal- and some natural gas-powered plants.
    Tract, for example, has assembled more than 23,000 acres of land for data center development across the U.S., with large holdings in Maricopa County, Arizona — home to Phoenix — and Storey County, Nevada, near Reno.
    Tract recently bought almost 2,100 acres in Buckeye, Arizona with plans to develop the land into one of the largest data center campuses in the country. The privately-held company is working with utilities to secure up to 1.8 gigawatts of power for the site to support as many as 40 individual data centers.
    For context, a data center campus with peak demand of one gigawatt is roughly equivalent to the average annual consumption of about 700,000 homes, or a city of around 1.8 million people, according to a CNBC analysis using data from the Department of Energy and Census Bureau.

    A data center campus that size would use more power in one year than retail electric sales in Alaska, Rhode Island or Vermont, according to Department of Energy data.
    A gigawatt-size data center campus running at even the lower end of peak demand is still roughly comparable to about 330,000 households, or a city of more than 800,000 people — about the population of San Francisco.
    The average size of individual data centers operated by the major tech companies is currently around 40 megawatts, but a growing pipeline of campuses of 250 megawatts or more is coming, according to data from the Boston Consulting Group.
    The U.S. is expected see a growing number of data center campuses of 500 megawatts or more, equivalent to half a gigawatt, in the 2030s through mid-2040s, according to the BCG data. Facilities of that size are comparable to about 350,000 homes, according to CNBC’s analysis.
    “Certainly the average size of the data centers is increasing at a rapid pace from now to 2030,” said Vivian Lee, managing director and partner at BCG.

    Community impact

    Texas has become an increasingly attractive market due to a less burdensome regulatory environment and abundant energy resources that are more easily tailored to specific sites, Sahlstrom said. “Texas is probably the world’s best experiment lab to deploy your own power solution,” the energy officer said.
    Houston-based Lancium set up shop in 2017 with the idea of bringing large electric loads closer to abundant renewable energy resources in west and central Texas, said Fenn, the company’s president. Originally focused on cryptocurrency mining, Lancium later shifted its focus to providing power for artificial intelligence with the advent of ChatGPT in late 2022.

    Today, Lancium has five data center campuses in various stages of development. A 1,000-acre campus in Abilene is expected to open in the first quarter of 2025 with 250 megawatts of power that will ramp up to 1.2 gigawatts in 2026.
    The minimum power requirement for Lancium’s data center customers is now a gigawatt, and future plans involve scaling them up to between three and five gigawatts, Fenn said.
    For data centers that size, developers have to ensure that electricity costs in neighboring communities don’t rise as a consequence and that grid reliability is maintained, Fenn said. Pairing such facilities with new power generation is crucial, she said.
    “The data centers have to partner with utilities, the system operators, the communities, to really establish that these things are assets to the grid and not liabilities to the grid,” Fenn said. “Nobody’s going to keep approving” such developments if they push up residential and commercial electric rates.

    Renewables not enough

    Data center campuses run by publicly-traded Equinix are rising to several hundred megawatts from 100- to 200 megawatts, said Jon Lin, general manager for data center services at the company. Equinix is one of the largest data center operators in the world with 260 facilities spread across 72 metropolitan areas in the U.S. and abroad.
    Developers prefer carbon-free renewable energy, but they also see solar and wind alone as unable to meet current demand due to their reliance on changing weather conditions.
    Some of the most critical workloads for the world’s economy, such as financial exchanges, run at data centers operated by Equinix, Lin said. Equinix’s data centers are online more than 99% of the time and outages are out of the question, the executive said.
    “The firmness of the power is still incredibly important for these data centers, and so doing that solely off of local renewables is candidly just not an option,” Lin said.
    The major technology companies are some of the largest purchasers of renewable power in the U.S., but they are increasingly turning to nuclear in search of more reliable sources of electricity. Microsoft is supporting the restart of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania through a power purchase agreement. Amazon and Alphabet’s Google are investing in small nuclear reactors.

    But building new nuclear reactors is expensive and fraught with delays. Two new reactors in Georgia recently came online years behind schedule and billions of dollars over budget.
    In the short run, natural gas will fuel much of the power demanded by data centers, Lancium’s Fenn said. Gas is the main, short-term power source providing the reliability these facilities require, Boston Consulting Group’s Lee said.
    Investments could be made in new gas generation that adds carbon capture and battery storage technology over time to mitigate the environmental impact, Lee said.
    The industry hopes that gas demand will taper off as renewables expand, battery storage costs come down and AI helps data centers operate more efficiently, Fenn said. But in the near term, there’s no question that data center expansion is disrupting technology companies’ emissions targets, she said.
    “Hopefully, it’s a short term side step,” Fenn said of stepped-up natural gas usage. “What I’m seeing amongst our data center partners, our hyperscale conversations, is we cannot let this have an adverse effect on the environmental goals.”
    Note: CNBC analysis assumes a data center campus is continuously utilizing 85% of its peak demand of a gigawatt throughout the year, for a total consumption of 7.4 billion kilowatt-hours. Analysis uses national averages for household electricity consumption from EIA and household size from Census Bureau. More

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    Student loan legal battles delay SAVE borrowers’ path to forgiveness

    The Biden administration’s new student loan repayment plan is tied up in legal battles. The result: millions of borrowers have had their monthly payments put on hold.
    “Borrowers are frustrated about the delay toward forgiveness,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz. “They feel like they’ve been waiting for Godot.”

    Matthias Ritzmann | The Image Bank | Getty Images

    With the Biden administration’s new student loan repayment plan is tied up in legal battles, millions of borrowers have had their monthly payments put on hold.
    The break from the bills is likely a relief to the many federal student loan borrowers enrolled in the Saving on a Valuable Education plan, known as SAVE. But it may also be causing them anxiety over the fact that they won’t get credit on their timeline to debt forgiveness.

    For example, those also enrolled in the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, who are entitled to loan cancellation after 10 years, have seen their journey toward that relief halted during the forbearance.
    “Borrowers are frustrated about the delay toward forgiveness,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz. “They feel like they’ve been waiting for Godot.”
    Here’s what borrowers enrolled in SAVE should know about the delay to debt cancellation.

    Delay could stretch on for months

    In October, the U.S. Department of Education said that roughly 8 million federal student loan borrowers will remain in an interest-free forbearance while the courts decide the fate of the SAVE plan.
    A federal court issued an injunction earlier this year preventing the Education Department from implementing parts of the SAVE plan, which the Biden administration had described as the most affordable repayment plan in history. Under SAVE’s terms, many people expected to see their monthly bills cut in half. 

    The forbearance is supposed to help borrowers who were counting on those lower monthly bills. But unlike the Covid-era pause on federal student loan payments, this forbearance does not bring borrowers closer to debt forgiveness under an income-driven repayment plan or Public Service Loan Forgiveness.
    Adding to borrowers’ annoyance is that “those enrolled in the SAVE Plan were not given the choice of forbearance,” said Elaine Rubin, director of corporate communications at Edvisors, which helps students navigate college costs and borrowing. If borrowers want to stay in SAVE, they can’t opt out of this pause.
    Borrowers enrolled in PSLF are especially concerned, Kantrowitz said. That program requires borrowers to work in public service while they’re repaying their student loans.
    “They have been working in a qualifying job, but aren’t making progress toward forgiveness,” he said. “Some borrowers are working a job they hate, but are sticking with it in the expectation of qualifying for forgiveness. Others are close to retirement and don’t want to have to work past their normal retirement age just to get the forgiveness.”

    What borrowers can do

    Despite the delay toward forgiveness, there are still a few good reasons for borrowers to stay enrolled in SAVE, experts say. During the forbearance, borrowers are excused from payments and interest on their debt does not accrue.
    Keep in mind: Even if you make payments under SAVE during the forbearance, your loan servicer will just apply that money toward future payments owed once the pause ends, the Education Department says.
    If you’re eager to be back on your way to debt cancellation, you have options.
    You may be able switch into another income-driven repayment plan that is still available. Under that new plan, you may have to start making payments again. Yet if you earn under around $20,000 as a single person, your monthly payment could still be $0, and therefore you might not lose anything by switching, Kantrowitz said.
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    Changing plans might be especially appealing to those who are very close to crossing the finish line to debt forgiveness and just want to see their balance wiped away, experts said. (You’ll likely be placed in a processing forbearance for a period while your loan servicer makes that switch. During that time, you will get credit toward forgiveness.)
    The Education Department is also offering those who’ve been working in public service for 10 years the chance to “buy back” certain months in their payment history. This allows borrowers to make payments to cover previous months for which they didn’t get credit. But to be eligible for the option, the purchased months need to bring you to the 120 payments required for loan forgiveness.
    “The buyback option might be eliminated under the Trump administration,” Kantrowitz said. “So, if you want to use it, you should use it now.” More

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    The must-have gift of the season may be a ‘dupe’

    Dupes may just be the hottest gift of the season.
    This year, 79% of shoppers said they would buy a dupe as a gift for their loved ones for the holidays, according to a recent report.
    Here’s how to discern when it’s appropriate to buy someone a dupe and when it makes more sense to invest in a name-brand product instead, according to experts. 

    Caiaimage/Paul Bradbury | Caiaimage | Getty Images

    ‘Tis the season for giving … dupes?
    Buying a dupe — short for duplicates — rose to the top of this year’s holiday wish lists. A dupe gift is a gift that is a cheaper alternative to a more expensive, branded item. They were largely kept under the radar until recently because a “fake” was dubbed inferior to the real thing, but a lot has changed.

    In some cases these brand imitators are now even preferred to their pricier counterparts.
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    This year, 79% of consumers said they would buy a dupe as a gift for their loved ones for the holidays, according to a survey of more than 1,000 shoppers by CouponCabin.
    More than half — 51% — of those who the coupon site polled said dupes are better than the original.
    Even when consumers can get the real thing, nearly 33% of adults intentionally purchased a dupe of a premium product at some point, a separate report by Morning Consult also found. The business intelligence company polled more than 2,000 adults in early October.

    When is a dupe an appropriate gift? 

    Before you buy a dupe, think about who you’re shopping for, experts say. 
    For instance, some family members or friends might especially appreciate a dupe for what it is, said Ellyn Briggs, a brands analyst at Morning Consult. 
    “It’s kind of a badge of honor for young people to get a dupe,” she said.
    On the other hand, you risk disappointing someone if they have been asking for a specific product for a while, said Melanie Lowe, CouponCabin’s savings expert. 
    If that is the case, consider the cost of the name-brand item and assess if it is within budget. The key is to know when to splurge or save, Lowe said.
    “If you’re talking about a product that you’ll use daily … invest in the original,” Lowe said. “That purchase is usually worth it.”
    Alternatively, “if it seems appropriate in the situation — if it is a more light-hearted gift — you can definitely go the dupe route,” she said. 

    ‘It’s a dupe for a reason’

    While some shoppers take pride in buying dupes, roughly 86% of shoppers have been disappointed by their purchase of a dupe, CouponCabin found. 
    “It’s a dupe for a reason,” said Lauren Beitelspacher, professor of marketing at Babson College. “We don’t know where it’s made, who is making it or the quality.”

    “It’s not that all dupes are bad. But sometimes we are paying a premium because there is a quality difference — and we, as consumers, have to be more conscious of that,” Beitelspacher said.
    If you want to shop for dupes, read and watch product reviews online to help determine the dupe’s quality — this is where social media can come in handy.
    A majority, or 62%, of U.S. adults who use TikTok say they use the app for reviews or recommendations, according to a new study by the Pew Research Center. Others tap Instagram and Facebook for product research. 

    Shopping secondhand this season

    Consumers should make the same value considerations when buying secondhand, which has also become more popular, even for gifting.
    Three in 4 shoppers said that giving secondhand gifts has become more accepted over the past year — notching a 7% increase from the year before, according to the 2024 OfferUp recommerce report. OfferUp, an online marketplace for buying and selling new and used items, polled 1,500 adults in July.
    The majority, or 83%, of shoppers are also open to receiving secondhand gifts this holiday season, the report found.

    Shoppers have increasingly turned to resale for a number of reasons, including value, sustainability and as a means to secure hard-to-find luxury items. Because secondhand shopping is considered eco-friendly, it’s also become more socially acceptable. OfferUp’s report credited Generation Z for driving a shift in mindset.
    “The stigma around secondhand gifting is rapidly diminishing,” said Todd Dunlap, OfferUp’s CEO. 
    However, the same buyer-beware mentality applies, cautioned Babson’s Beitelspacher, especially if you are ordering secondhand goods online. “You might not get what you want,” she said.

    Don’t miss these insights from CNBC PRO More

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    Friday’s big stock stories: What’s likely to move the market in the next trading session

    NVIDIA founder, President and CEO Jensen Huang speaks about the future of artificial intelligence and its effect on energy consumption and production at the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C., on Sept. 27, 2024.
    Chip Somodevilla | Getty Images

    Stocks @ Night is a daily newsletter delivered after hours, giving you a first look at tomorrow and last look at today. Sign up for free to receive it directly in your inbox.
    Here’s what CNBC TV’s producers were watching as the Dow Industrials rose more than 460 points on Thursday, and what’s on the radar for the next session.

    Nvidia

    It was the stock story of the day, and CNBC TV will keep focusing on the move Friday. More CNBC.com users searched for this stock than any other ticker symbol even beating the ever-popular 10-year Treasury yield on Thursday.
    Nvidia hit a new high Thursday morning, almost hitting the $153 mark. The stock ended the day off its high, closing up 0.5%.
    CNBC TV “Squawk Box” anchor Becky Quick set the big theme of the session, noting that it seems hard for Nvidia to rally because expectations are so high. She recalled a similar solid earnings report three months ago, followed by a stock drop. Shares rallied 15% over the next three months. During the premarket, Quick interviewed analyst Ray Wang of Constellation Research, who said, “Nvidia is growing exponentially versus the rest of the S&P 500.”
    With Thursday’s 0.5% gain, Nvidia is now up 196% in 2024. Shares have climbed 53% in six months and added 10% in November. 
    Nvidia is the third top performer in the S&P so far this year. The top five winners in the index for 2024 are at the bottom of this note.
    Nvidia is a core holding in Jim Cramer’s Charitable Trust. He last bought it on Aug. 31, 2022. It’s up 850% since then. 

    Stock chart icon

    Nvidia in 2024

    Bitcoin

    It went below $97,000 on Thursday morning, then jumped back above that level. Throughout the day, bitcoin topped the $98,000 mark, crossed the $99,000 threshold for a new high and then came off that level. As of 7:34 p.m. ET, it was at around $98,400.
    There is surely more to come in the seconds, minutes and hours after this note goes out. 

    MicroStrategy

    On Friday, co-founder Michael Saylor will be on “Squawk Box” in the 7 a.m. hour.
    The stock was beat up from the feet up on Thursday after Citron Research put out a short report. By the way, the Securities and Exchange Commission charged Citron founder Andrew Left earlier this year, alleging that he misled investors on previous reports. 
    MicroStrategy dropped 16% on Thursday.
    The stock is up nearly 530% in 2024,
    MicroStrategy used to be a software company, but it turned into a proxy for bitcoin. The company has bought billions of dollars’ worth of the cryptocurrency in the last several years.

    Stock chart icon

    MicroStrategy in 2024

    Fannie and Freddie

    The two are up big since Donald Trump won the presidential election.
    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored mortgage companies.
    There is speculation in the investing world that the new administration may try to privatize both entities. This would put them outside of government control.
    Fannie Mae is up 130% since the election.
    Freddie Mac is up 160% since the election.
    Fannie Mae rose nearly 5% Thursday, while Freddie Mac gained 6%.

    Amazon and Tesla, Bezos and Musk

    Jeff Bezos has moved on from the day to day at the internet shopping giant but he remains executive chair of the board. He and Elon Musk, who seems to be focusing a lot on politics right now, wound up in a short online duel of tech billionaires.
    On X, the social media platform, Musk accused Bezos of telling people to sell their Tesla and SpaceX holdings because he had believed Donald Trump was about to lose the election. There was no attribution.
    A short time later, Jeff Bezos simply posted: “Nope. 100% not true.”
    Musk a few hours later posted, “Well, then, I stand corrected” with one of those emojis where the face is laughing with tears.
    Shares of Tesla are up 35% since the election. Amazon is down 0.5% in that period.

    Stock chart icon

    Tesla and Amazon in 2024

    Uber and Tesla, Khosrowshahi and Musk

    Uber slipped after investor Brad Gerstner told Scott Wapner of CNBC’s “Halftime Report” that he was selling the stock. The stock ultimately closed marginally higher Thursday, up 0.06%.
    Gerstner made the case that Tesla would be the big winner in autonomous driving, setting up a good battle in the still-emerging autonomous driving industry.
    Uber is now down 6% since the election.
    Uber’s CEO Dara Khosrowshahi has been critical of some of the President-elect Trump’s policies in the past.

    S&P 500 leaders with about 25 trading days left in 2024

    Vistra, the energy company, is at the top of the S&P so far this year, up 332%.
    Palantir ranks second, up 257%.
    Nvidia is third, up 196% year to date.
    Axon Enterprises, manufacturers of the Taser, is up 144% in 2024.
    Targa Resources is fifth, up nearly 140% this year.

    Buckle before the bell

    The retailer will issue quarterly results before the bell. It’s the only notable report we’ll see Friday.
    The stock is up 13% over the past three months.
    Buckle hit a high last week but is down 4.25% since then.
    Buckle has about 450 locations in 42 states. This includes one shop at the East Towne Mall and another in the West Towne Mall — both are in Madison, Wisconsin. More

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    Most employees don’t leverage this ‘triple-tax-free’ account, advisor says. Here’s how to use it

    FA Playbook

    As of 2024, only 18% of participants invested their health savings account balance, down slightly from the previous year, according to a survey from the Plan Sponsor Council of America.
    Those employees could be missing out on their HSA’s triple tax benefits, experts say.
    Many advisors encourage clients to invest HSA funds long term to build a health-care nest egg for retirement.

    Marco Vdm | E+ | Getty Images

    Many employees have a health savings account, which offers tax incentives to save for medical expenses. However, most are still missing out on long-term HSA benefits, experts say.
    Two-thirds of companies offer investment options for HSA contributions, up 60% from one year ago, according to a survey released in November by the Plan Sponsor Council of America, which polled more than 500 employers in the summer of 2024. 

    But only 18% of participants invest their HSA balance, down slightly from the previous year, the survey found.
    That could be a “huge mistake” because HSAs are “the only triple-tax-free account in America,” said certified financial planner Ted Jenkin, founder and CEO of oXYGen Financial in Atlanta.
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    Health savings accounts are popular among advisors, who encourage clients to invest the funds long term rather than spending the funds on yearly medical expenses. But you need an eligible high-deductible health plan to make contributions.
    Some 66% of employees picked an HSA-qualifying health plan when given the choice, according to the Plan Sponsor Council of America survey.

    However, the best health insurance plan depends on your family’s expected medical expenses for the upcoming year, experts say. Typically, high-deductible plans have lower premiums but more upfront expenses.

    HSAs can look like a ‘health 401(K)’

    HSAs have three tax benefits. There’s an upfront deduction on contributions, tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals for qualified medical expenses.

    If you invest it wisely, it can look like a health 401(k).

    Ted Jenkin
    Founder and CEO of oXYGen Financial

    “It’s one way to deal with the inflationary cost of health care,” said Jenkin, who is also a member of CNBC’s Financial Advisor Council. “If you invest it wisely, it can look like a health 401(k).” 
    A 65-year-old retiring today can expect to spend an average of $165,000 in health and medical expenses through retirement, up nearly 5% from 2023, according to a Fidelity report released in August.
    That estimate doesn’t include the cost of long-term care, which can be significantly higher, depending on needs.

    Why employees don’t use HSAs for long-term savings

    There are a couple of reasons why most employees aren’t investing their HSA balances, according to Hattie Greenan, director of research and communications for the Plan Sponsor Council of America. 
    “I think there’s a lot of confusion about HSAs and [flexible spending accounts],” including how they work and how they’re different,” she said.
    While both accounts offer tax benefits, your FSA balance typically must be spent yearly, whereas HSA funds can accumulate for multiple years. Plus, your HSA is portable, meaning you can take the balance when changing jobs. 
    However, many employees can’t afford to cover medical costs yearly while their HSA balance grows, Greenan said. “Ultimately, most participants still are using that HSA for current health-care expenses.” More

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    73% of workers worry Social Security won’t be able to pay retirement benefits. Here’s what advisors say

    FA Playbook

    73% of non-retired Americans are concerned that Social Security may not pay their benefits if Social Security’s retirement trust fund is depleted.
    Financial advisors say it’s still best to wait to claim to get the biggest monthly checks.

    Sporrer/Rupp | Image Source | Getty Images

    Most Americans are concerned about what may happen to Social Security when its retirement trust fund crosses a projected 2033 depletion date, according to a new Bankrate survey.
    Nearly three-quarters, 73%, of non-retired adults and 71% retired adults say they worry they won’t receive their benefits if the trust fund runs out. The October survey included 2,492 individuals.

    Those worries loom large for older Americans who are not yet retired, according to the results. That includes 81% of working baby boomers and 82% of Gen Xers who are worried they may not receive their benefits at retirement age if the trust fund is depleted.
    “Once someone’s actually staring at the prospect of the end of their full-time employment, the seriousness of the need to fund that part of their life comes into full view,” said Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst at Bankrate.
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    Still, a majority of millennials and Gen Zers surveyed, at 69% and 62%, respectively, are similarly concerned.
    Social Security relies on trust funds to supplement its monthly benefit payments that currently reach more than 72.5 million beneficiaries, including Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries.

    While payroll taxes provide a steady stream of revenue into the program, the trust funds help to supplement benefit checks. Social Security’s actuaries project the fund the program relies on to pay retirement benefits will be depleted in 2033. At that time, an estimated 79% of those benefits will still be payable.

    What financial advisors are telling clients now

    Financial advisors say they frequently field questions from clients on Social Security’s future. And they often tell their clients it’s still best to wait to claim benefits, if possible.
    Retirees can claim Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62, though they take a permanent lifetime reduction. By waiting until full retirement age — generally from 66 to 67, depending on date of birth — individuals receive 100% of the benefits they’ve earned.
    By delaying from full retirement age to as late as age 70, retirees stand to get an 8% annual boost to their benefits.

    When talking with clients, George Gagliardi, a certified financial planner and founder of Coromandel Wealth Strategies in Lexington, Massachusetts, said he tells them Washington lawmakers are unlikely to leave Social Security’s solvency unaddressed by the trust fund depletion deadline.
    But even if that does happen, it still makes sense to delay claiming Social Security benefits until 70, if possible, unless there is a critical situation where it makes sense to claim early, he said.
    “My bottom line on the whole thing is, you don’t know how long you’re going to live,” Gagliardi said. “But basically, you want to bet on longevity.”
    Experts say retirees need to be mindful of longevity risk — the potential that you will outlive your savings.
    Social Security is “inflation indexed longevity insurance,” said CFP David Haas, owner of Cereus Financial Advisors in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. Every year, benefits are automatically adjusted for inflation, a feature that would be difficult to match when purchasing an insurance product like an annuity.
    “You really can’t get that from anywhere else,” Haas said.

    While more than a quarter — 28% — of non-retired adults overall expect to be “very” reliant on Social Security in retirement, older individuals expect to be more dependent on the program, according to Bankrate. The survey found 69% of non-retired baby boomers and 56% of non-retired Gen Xers expect to rely on the program.
    To avoid relying on Social Security for the bulk of your income in retirement, you need to save earlier and for longer, Haas said.
    “You need to compound your savings over a longer period, and then you’ll be flexible,” Haas said.
    To be sure, shoring up a long-term nest egg is not a top-ranked concern for many Americans now as many face cost-of-living challenges. A separate election Bankrate survey found the top three economic concerns now are inflation, health care costs and housing affordability. More

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    More young men are struggling financially. Here’s how that helped Trump win

    One factor that drove young men to the polls may have been perceived economic disparities, experts say, which ultimately helped Republicans win on Election Day.
    Men were also more likely than women to say they believed the results of the election would impact their financial life in the short term, one recent survey found. Those voters largely favored Trump.

    Voters stand in line at a polling station in Washington, D.C., on Election Day, Nov. 5, 2024.
    Nicolas Economou | Nurphoto | Getty Images

    Going into Election Day, Americans were sharply divided. But the gender gap was among the most glaring splits, with more women backing Vice President Kamala Harris and a majority of men supporting President-elect Donald Trump.
    Women favored Harris by an 8-point margin, with the vice president securing 53% support compared with Trump’s 45%. Men backed Trump by a 13-point margin, with 55% favoring Trump and 42% backing Harris — resulting in a 21-point gender divide, according to NBC News exit polls.

    Trump gained massive support among men on economic issues specifically, including among Hispanic and Black voters, who were feeling particularly pessimistic, according to NBC News exit polls. Inflation was the top concern among voters overall, followed by the current state of the economy, the NBC polls said.
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    A factor that drove young men to the polls may have been perceived economic disparities, according to experts, which ultimately helped Trump win. 
    “Men feel like there’s no pathway for economic mobility for them,” said Julia Pollak, chief economist at ZipRecruiter.

    ‘That is a huge, huge gap’

    There is a growing disillusionment taking hold.

    Men are steadily dropping out of the workforce, especially those between the ages 25 and 54, which are considered their prime working years.
    A study by the Pew Research Center found that men who are not college-educated leave the workforce at higher rates than men who are. At the same time, fewer younger men have been enrolling in college over the past decade.
    In 1995, young men and women were equally likely to hold a bachelor’s degree, at 25%. Today, 47% of women ages 25 to 34 in the U.S. have a bachelor’s degree, compared with 37% of men their age, also according to Pew.
    “That is a huge, huge gap,” Pollak said.
    Schools often tout a four-year degree as the ideal scenario. And in many areas, vocational programs and other alternative pathways “aren’t as widespread” as they used to be, Pollak said.
    At the same time, some traditional blue-collar jobs that used to employ more non-college-educated men declined due to automation and globalization, leading to job displacement and uncertainty about future employment prospects, experts say.

    Altogether, you have a group who feel like they’re “being left behind,” Pollak said.
    Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, agreed: “The great concern is that we are developing a pool of young men that are neither developing the additional skills [nor] education necessary to participate fully in the labor force,” he said — particularly in “former manufacturing industrial powerhouse states.”
    These days, young men are more likely to be considered NEETs — not in employment, education, or training — a cohort that has been hardest hit by globalization and the decline of manufacturing in this country, according to Richard Fry, a senior researcher at Pew.
    “When you don’t get rewarded for working, you work less,” Fry recently told CNBC. “That is a basic tenet of labor economics.”

    Men were more likely than women to say they believed the results of the election would impact their financial life in the short term, according to a separate survey by the National Endowment for Financial Education. Those voters largely favored Trump.
    Those with less than a high school diploma and those with a two-year degree were also most likely to say their financial life will be impacted by the presidential election. NEFE polled 1,000 adults in October about their financial feelings in relation to the 2024 general election.
    “It’s reasonable that many Americans were weighing their current financial well-being and prospects for the future while casting their votes this November,” said Billy Hensley, NEFE’s president and CEO. Hensley is also a member of the CNBC Global Financial Wellness Advisory Board.

    Young women have ‘made huge gains’ in the workforce

    Meanwhile, women have “made huge gains” in their education and careers and are working as much as, if not more than, their male counterparts, according to Ali Bustamante, an economist and director at the Roosevelt Institute.
    Today, women are getting married and having children later, if at all, and are prioritizing their careers, Pollak said. They’re looking to the government to make that choice less difficult through universal child care and access to abortion, she said.
    “There was a time when people were either mothers and wives, or spinsters who worked,” Pollak said. “Now women often are prioritizing the career person over the wife and mother.”

    However, while the issue of reproductive rights became a major factor in the 2024 presidential race, it did not drive more women to vote. It also did not prove to be one of the most important issues facing the country among voters overall, exit polls showed.
    “Trump’s message resonated with young men,” said Fatima Goss Graves, president of the National Women’s Law Center Action Fund. “The pain that people in this country have been feeling in terms of the economy is real.”
    Still, other issues — such as paid leave, affordable housing, child care and equal pay — are also hugely important to families, she said.
    “This was one election, but I think it would be a mistake to suggest that women will stop fighting in larger numbers either for reproductive freedom or the things they care about,” Graves said. “We have work to do.”
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    Thursday’s big stock stories: What’s likely to move the market in the next trading session

    A check in monitor is see in the Nvidia office on November 20, 2024 in Austin, Texas. 
    Brandon Bell | Getty Images

    Stocks @ Night is a daily newsletter delivered after hours, giving you a first look at tomorrow and last look at today. Sign up for free to receive it directly in your inbox.
    Here’s what CNBC TV’s producers were watching as stocks ended Wednesday mixed, and what’s on the radar for the next session.

    Nvidia if you missed it

    On Thursday, we’ll keep covering Nvidia’s quarterly report. 
    The company posted adjusted earnings and revenue that topped expectations in the third quarter. Nvidia also issued a better-than-expected forecast for this quarter.
    Revenue jumped 94% on a year-over-year basis.
    Several customers are already getting the company’s next-generation chip, which is called Blackwell.
    The results seemingly weren’t strong enough for investors. The stock is down in extended trading.
    The stock is up almost 3% in three days. Nvidia is up about 10% in November, and it’s up more than 190% in 2024.

    Stock chart icon

    Nvidia in 2024

    Best ideas: Amazon and Apple

    JPMorgan analyst Doug Anmuth issued a note Wednesday morning saying, “We’re expecting solid online holiday season sales growth of +7.5% Y/Y.”  The firm called Amazon “our best idea.”
    Toni Sacconaghi of Bernstein issued a note on Wednesday, calling Apple a “best idea.” He said, “We view Apple as a quality compounder, with mid-single digit revenue growth, improving margins, disciplined capital return, and double-digit EPS growth.”
    Apple is 3.6% from the Oct. 15 high. The stock is up 19% in 2024.
    Amazon is 6% from last week’s high, when it hit $215.90 a share. Amazon is up about 9% in November.

    Tech dividends

    In September, the software giant Microsoft said it would increase its dividend.
    The dividend, which will rise eight cents to 83 cents a share, is payable on Dec. 12 to shareholders of record on Nov. 21. The dividend yield is 0.8%.
    Cisco Systems has a dividend yield of 2.8%.
    IBM currently has a dividend yield of 3.1%.
    Apple’s dividend yield is 0.4%.

    Stock chart icon

    Microsoft shares in 2024

    Cannabis

    NJBiz.com reports that New Jersey’s legalized market for marijuana saw major growth in its latest quarter, with recreational sales coming in at $238.7 million.
    Nevertheless, Canopy Growth remains 75% from the April high. The stock is down 18% in November.
    Tilray is 56% from the April top. Shares are down 21% in November.
    GrowGeneration is 51% from the April high. The stock is down 13% in November.

    JPMorgan downgrades

    Earlier this month, Baird cut its rating on the banking giant’s stock. This morning, Oppenheimer downgraded JPMorgan to “perform.” Oppenheimer’s analyst wrote, “It is hard for us to imagine the stock outperforming, especially from this level.”
    The banking giant is 2.9% from the Nov. 6 high.
    JPM is up 8.5% in November. The stock has soared 41.5% in 2024.
    The S&P 500 Financials hit a high on Tuesday. The sector is up 31.4% in 2024.
    The SPDR S&P Bank ETF (KBE) is 4% from the Nov. 11 high. The fund is up 29% in 2024.

    Stock chart icon

    JPMorgan Chase shares in 2024

    Target vs. Walmart

    Target missed earnings estimates and cut its full-year guidance Wednesday morning after Walmart’s big report the day before.
    If you put the two stocks toe to toe, here’s what you’d find. Walmart is near a high. Target is 33% from the April high.
    In November, Walmart is up 6.4% and Target is down about 19%.
    In 2024, Walmart is up 65.9%, and Target is down 14.5%.
    CNBC’s Lori Ann Larocco is reporting Wednesday night that one of Target’s problems is shipping.  She reports: “Target re-routed and pulled forward shipments, loading up on inventory to make sure they had the merchandise needed for the holiday season.” Larocco also reports that CEO Brian Cornell said Wednesday that there were “costs associated with rushing shipments and preparing for the short-lived port strike in October that hurt the company’s quarterly performance.” More