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Senate Republicans on Thursday blocked legislation that would have expanded the child tax credit, a key tax break for millions of families.
However, it is still a “top priority for Democrats,” particularly as the 2025 tax cliff approaches, according to Chuck Marr, vice president for federal tax policy for the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Without action from Congress, the child tax credit will shrink from $2,000 to $1,000 per eligible kid after 2025 once tax cuts enacted by former President Donald Trump expire.

Lisa5201 | E+ | Getty Images

Senate Republicans on Thursday blocked legislation that would have expanded the child tax credit, a key tax break for millions of families.
Despite strong bipartisan support for the House bill passed in January, the legislation met resistance from Senate Republicans. Thursday’s procedural vote was not expected to clear the 60-vote hurdle needed to move forward. However, Senate Democrats forced the vote to show election-year positions.

“Today’s a good opportunity for both sides to show we back up good talk with strong action,” Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said from the Senate floor before the vote.
Sen. Mike Crapo, R-Idaho, the ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, in a statement described Thursday’s vote as a “blatant attempt to score political points.” He said Senate Republicans have concerns about the policy, but are willing to negotiate a “child tax credit solution that a majority of Republicans can support.”
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Sens. Joe Manchin, I-W.Va., and Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., who caucus with Democrats, also voted against the measure.
If enacted, the bill would have improved access to the child tax credit and retroactively boosted the refundable portion for 2023, which could have triggered refund checks from the IRS.

Roughly 16 million children would have benefited during the first year of the proposed child tax credit expansion, according to an analysis from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Eligible families could have seen an average tax cut of $680 for 2023 taxes, based on estimates from the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center.
“It’s a sad day for these 16 million kids,” especially after the support from House Republicans, said Chuck Marr, vice president for federal tax policy for the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
But expanding the child tax credit is still a “top priority for Democrats,” particularly as the 2025 tax cliff approaches, he said.

The American Rescue Plan of 2021 temporarily boosted the child tax credit to $3,000 from $2,000, with $600 extra for children under age 6, and families received up to half via monthly payments. 
As a result, the child poverty rate dropped to a historic low of 5.2% in 2021, largely due to the expansion, according to a Columbia University analysis. Then, in 2022, the rate more than doubled to 12.4% once pandemic relief expired, the U.S. Census Bureau found.

2025 child tax credit negotiations

Enacted by former President Donald Trump, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA, of 2017 temporarily increased the maximum child tax credit to $2,000 from $1,000 per child under age 17 and boosted eligibility with higher income phaseout ranges. 
The TCJA also capped the refundable portion of the credit, which has reduced the benefit for lower-income families without taxes due.    
Without action from Congress, the child tax credit, among other individual tax provisions, will revert to 2017 levels after 2025.   

“Next year, they’ll have a bigger job to do because you have an underlying credit that’s much more expensive to extend,” said Garrett Watson, senior policy analyst and modeling manager at the Tax Foundation.  
Ahead of 2025, questions remain on whether Democrats and Republicans are willing to compromise on the child tax credit’s refundability and work requirement, he said.  
Regardless of the design, families would benefit from permanent updates, rather than temporary changes that must be renegotiated in Congress later, Watson said. 
Of course, future child tax credit updates will hinge on who controls the White House and Congress, which is difficult to predict in a close election.

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Even with several months to the November election, President Joe Biden still has time to take a leadership position on Social Security and Medicare.
Meanwhile, the election of former President Donald Trump or Vice President Kamala Harris to the Oval Office could also usher in certain changes to those programs.
Here’s what we know so far about the plans from the candidates.

A voter fills out a ballot at a polling station on Election Day in Falls Church, Virginia, U.S., November 7, 2023. 
Kevin Lamarque | Reuters

When it comes to the November election, there is one issue that is at the top of voters’ wish lists: Social Security.
Despite political division, most Americans — 87% — want action to address Social Security’s trust fund shortfall, according to the National Institute on Retirement Security. The group polled 1,208 individuals aged 25 and older.

Meanwhile, 69% of Americans said a candidate’s stance on Social Security will be a major factor in how they vote in the presidential election, according to Nationwide Retirement Institute.
It polled 1,831 adults age 18 and up who “currently receive or expect to receive Social Security.”
While experts mostly agree a fix is needed, they are divided on how that should happen — whether it be through tax increases, benefit cuts or a combination of both.
The deadline to fix the programs will only grow more urgent during the next presidential administration.
“If something is going to happen before the eleventh hour, it is going to require presidential leadership,” said Emerson Sprick, associate director of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Economic Policy Program. “That’s something we haven’t seen on this issue for a very long time.”

Projected depletion dates are looming

The latest projections from the Social Security trustees estimate the program’s combined funds may run out in 2035. At that time, just 83% of benefits may be payable. The projected depletion date for the trust fund used to pay retirement benefits is even sooner in 2033.
Medicare also faces a looming depletion date for its hospital insurance fund, which is projected to be able to pay 100% of benefits until 2036.
It is up to lawmakers to address the shortfalls before the projected depletion dates, when the programs will face across-the-board benefit cuts.
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The looming depletion dates come as the programs face other pressures.
Retirees are now reaching “peak 65” — with more than 11,200 individuals turning 65 every day.
As more individuals rely on Social Security and Medicare, the gross national debt has now climbed to a record $35 trillion.
“We should fix our dangerously close to insolvent Social Security and Medicare trust funds,” Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, said in a statement.

Biden can ‘show leadership’ before presidency ends

U.S. President Joe Biden is flanked by family members as he speaks about the release of Americans detained in Russia during brief remarks at the White House in Washington, U.S., August 1, 2024. 
Nathan Howard | Reuters

While the focus is on the presidential campaigns, President Joe Biden still has a window of opportunity to work to address Social Security and Medicare.
“Biden has a really fantastic opportunity, if he wants to get the ball rolling and show some leadership on the issue in the lame duck,” Sprick said.
Some Democrats have proposed raising taxes for the wealthy and increasing benefits.
Meanwhile, a bipartisan group of lawmakers has proposed forming a commission to identify next steps. But those efforts like those have yet to prompt action, which would likely require compromises.
“The folks in Congress need leadership and a little bit of cover from the top of the ticket,” Sprick said.
Biden publicly vowed to protect Social Security and Medicare and “make the wealthy pay their fair share” during his March State of the Union address.
“We could extend the life of Medicare’s Trust Fund permanently — without cutting benefits — if Congressional Republicans would get on board with the President’s historic budget proposal to raise taxes on the wealthy,” said White House spokesperson Robyn Patterson.
“The President’s budget also clearly states his principles for strengthening Social Security,” Patterson said. “He looks forward to working with Congress to responsibly strengthen Social Security by ensuring that high-income individuals pay their fair share, without increasing taxes on anyone making less than $400,000 or cutting benefits.”

Trump wants to eliminate some Social Security taxes

Republican presidential nominee and former U.S. President Donald Trump holds a campaign rally in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S., July 31, 2024. 
Elizabeth Frantz | Reuters

Former President Donald Trump posted on Truth Social on Thursday, in all capital letters, “Seniors should not pay tax on Social Security!”
Experts say the post likely refers to the taxes Social Security beneficiaries may owe on their benefit income. The Trump campaign did not return a request for comment by press time.
Exactly how much Social Security beneficiaries pay in taxes is based on their “combined income,” which includes adjusted gross income, nontaxable interest and half of their Social Security benefits.
For individuals with $25,000 to $34,000 in combined income — or married couples who file jointly with between $32,000 and $44,000 — up to 50% of benefits are taxed.
For individuals with more than $34,000 in combined income — or married couples with more than $44,000 — up to 85% of benefits may be taxable.

Those thresholds are not adjusted for inflation. Consequently, as time passes and benefit income increases, more beneficiaries are liable for taxes on their benefits.
Nixing those levies would allow beneficiaries to keep more of their benefit income. But it would also reduce revenues for both Social Security and Medicare by about $1.6 trillion to $1.8 trillion between fiscal years 2026 and 2035, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimates.
Like Biden, Trump has mostly promised not to cut Social Security. Yet in a March CNBC interview, Trump said he would consider cutting “entitlements,” which may refer to Social Security, Medicare or Medicaid.
“There is a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting and in terms of also the theft and bad management of entitlements,” Trump told CNBC’s “Squawk Box.”

Harris opposes benefit cuts

Democratic presidential candidate, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris speaks at a campaign rally at the Georgia State Convocation Center on July 30, 2024 in Atlanta, Georgia. 
Megan Varner | Getty Images

Vice President Kamala Harris’ position on Social Security and Medicare is similar to Biden’s, according to the White House.
Together, Biden and Harris have worked to extend Medicare’s solvency and give the program the authority to negotiate drug prices, thereby lowering costs for seniors and individuals with disabilities.
“The president and vice president oppose any proposal to cut benefits and have put forward a plan in the president’s budget to extend Social Security and Medicare solvency by asking the highest-income Americans to pay their fair share,” a White House official said.
As a senator representing California, Harris was a co-sponsor of the Social Security Expansion Act, which calls for raising taxes on the wealthy while making Social Security benefits more generous.
Once Harris was tapped to step in to the 2024 Democratic campaign for president, she readily got the endorsement of retirement advocacy groups.
“Unlike the GOP ticket, Vice President Harris has always been on the side of older Americans as a consistent supporter of Social Security, Medicare and lower drug prices,” Max Richtman, president & CEO of the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare, said in a statement. More

The Biden administration is sending emails out to tens of millions of borrowers about its new plans to cancel student debt.
Here’s what to know.

U.S. President Joe Biden speaks as he announces a new plan for federal student loan relief during a visit to Madison Area Technical College Truax Campus, in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S, April 8, 2024. 
Kevin Lamarque | Reuters

The Biden administration is sending emails to tens of millions of borrowers this week about its new plans to cancel student debt.
“We want to make you aware of this potential relief,” the U.S. Department of Education writes in the email, which CNBC reviewed.

The Department of Education estimates that at least 25 million borrowers could qualify.

Who will be eligible?

The same day the Supreme Court blocked President Joe Biden’s first attempt at sweeping student loan forgiveness, Biden announced that the White House would try to deliver the relief another way.
With the hope that this aid package survives the inevitable next round of legal challenges, the Education Department revised its forgiveness plan to be more targeted.
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In its email to borrowers, the department lists four categories of eligibility.

Those are:

Borrowers who owe more than they did at the start of repayment.
Those who entered repayment on their undergraduate loans on or before July 1, 2005, or, if they have graduate loans, on or before July 1, 2000.
People who are already eligible for student loan forgiveness under one of the government’s existing programs but just haven’t yet applied.
Students from “low-financial value” programs.

Is there anything I need to do?

Those who want to be included in the relief do not need to do anything, the Education Department said. No application will be needed.
However, if, for some reason, a borrower wants to opt out of the debt forgiveness, they must do so by Aug. 30 with their loan servicer.

When could I see the relief?

The Education Department is expected to publish its final rule on the debt relief sometime in October. Once that happens, it will likely move to cancel people’s loans quickly to get ahead of lawsuits, said Luke Herrine, an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama.
“It is often harder to undo something rather than prevent its being done, both administratively and legally,” Herrine said.
“And if the administration doesn’t wait, it forces opponents to put together a lawsuit quickly and without full information,” Herrine said.

Yet opponents of the relief may already be prepared to fight it, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.
“Most likely a lawsuit will be filed the day the rule is final, seeking a temporary injunction to prevent the Biden administration from forgiving loans” while the legal battle plays out, Kantrowitz said.
In that case, borrowers may be stuck waiting for news on the relief for months or longer. The case may even go to the Supreme Court again, where it is uncertain if it would survive.

Will I owe taxes on any forgiven debt?

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As a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, you incur U.S. income taxes on “worldwide income,” whether you’re making money while working from a ship or in another country. 
Taxes get more complicated if you disembark and work in a different country.
Casino prizes won on board are also subject to federal income tax.

Jenny Hunnicutt poses in front of the Royal Caribbean Ultimate World Cruise, which she’s been on for nearly nine months traveling the world. While on board, she’s working remotely for her writing and consulting business based in Florida.
Courtesy: Jenny Hunnicutt

Income made ‘worldwide’ is taxable

Despite a Bahamas flag flying atop the Serenade of the Seas, American cruise passengers making money while working from the ship are still subject to U.S. federal income taxes, experts say.
As a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, you incur U.S. income taxes on “worldwide income,” whether you’re making money from a ship or another country. 

That means filing taxes was pretty normal for Hunnicutt and her husband.
“My remote work through my consulting business, it’s all through Florida where my business is based,” she said. “It didn’t change for us.”

However, leaving the boat and working remotely could potentially trigger tax issues.  
When you work from another country, “that’s a completely different thing,” said certified financial planner Jane Mepham, founder of Elgon Financial Advisors in Austin, Texas, who specializes in international planning.  
As a U.S. citizen or permanent resident working abroad, you would still incur U.S. income taxes — but could also face tax liability for that country, depending on its laws and how long you worked there, she said.  
Some places could start trying to collect income taxes after day one, which is why you should speak with a cross-border tax professional before leaving for the trip, Mepham said.
To avoid double taxation, some expats qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion or the foreign tax credit. But cruise passengers aren’t likely to meet the requirements, experts say. 

Gifts can become ‘taxable income’

For some self-employed cruise passengers, income could come in different forms. 
Joe Martucci, another passenger on the ship, is a certified public accountant who lived abroad for 16 years. He’s retired now, but offered some tax advice to influencers on board who were monetizing content posted about the trip. 

Retired CPA Joe Martucci poses for a photo in Montenegro, a stop on the Royal Caribbean Ultimate World Cruise.
Courtesy: Joe Martucci

“A company in Australia gave them some gifts. Those gifts are taxable income, because they asked [the influencers], ‘Can you do a TikTok showing this gift we gave you?'” Martucci said. “You have to pay tax on that.”

Passengers ‘surprised’ by taxes on casino winnings

For U.S. citizens and permanent residents, casino prizes won aboard a cruise are also subject to federal income taxes, regardless of where the boat is when you hit the jackpot, experts say.   
“Some people could be a bit surprised” by a future tax bill, said James Border, a Florida-based certified public accountant and attorney, who specializes in maritime tax law. 
Typically, casinos issue a copy of Form W2-G, which must be reported on your tax return. Gambling losses can’t be deducted unless you itemize tax breaks and keep accurate records, according to the IRS.  More

ABLE accounts provide a tax-advantaged way for disabled individuals to save money.
Yet 10 years after Congress first created these accounts, many eligible individuals still aren’t using them.
Several new congressional proposals aim to raise awareness of the accounts and make it easier to put money in them.

Witthaya Prasongsin | Moment | Getty Images

Congress enacted legislation a decade ago to create accounts to help people with disabilities save money.
Yet only a fraction of the 8 million Americans who are eligible for the ABLE accounts — named for the Achieving a Better Life Experience Act — are using them, according to Sen. Bob Casey, D-Pa., who serves as the chairman of the Special Committee on Aging.

The senator on Thursday plans to introduce several new bills that would allow for eligible individuals to accumulate more money in ABLE accounts, while also raising awareness of them as an option to save for the disability community.
ABLE accounts let disabled individuals save money outside of asset limit requirements set by federal-assistance programs while also accessing certain tax advantages.
Funds in ABLE accounts must be used toward expenses to maintain or improve health, independence or quality of life for disabled or blind individuals. Investments in ABLE accounts grow tax deferred, while withdrawals are tax free, as long as they are used for qualified expenses.
An additional 6 million individuals may be eligible for ABLE accounts in 2026, when eligibility requirements for the accounts will move from having a disability before age 26 to before age 46.
To date, more than 171,000 people with disabilities have saved an average of over $11,000 each through ABLE accounts, according to Casey.

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Casey is pushing for Congress to enact more reforms to make it easier to save in ABLE accounts.
Last year, he proposed a bill called the ABLE MATCH Act that would create a federal dollar-for-dollar match to help lower-income disabled individuals save money in those accounts.
“Disability is in everyone’s family, regardless of which side of the aisle you’re on,” said Thomas Foley, executive director of the National Disability Institute.
“We’re hopeful that Senator Casey and his colleagues on both sides of the aisle will recognize that this is just another step to help people with disabilities lead more independent and financially secure lives,” Foley said.
Here’s what the three new bills set to be introduced in Congress on Thursday would do.

Let employers contribute to ABLE accounts

While many employers offer 401(k) plan matches, people with disabilities may not be able to take advantage of the benefit perk without risking that money counting against their asset limits for federal benefits programs.
Casey is proposing a bill, the ABLE Employment Flexibility Act, to make it possible for employers to contribute to an employee’s ABLE account instead of 401(k) accounts.

That way, an employee could be eligible to receive matching contributions without jeopardizing federal benefits. The money could be used toward retirement.
“ABLE accounts are a great way to save for retirement for someone with a disability who qualifies,” Foley said.

Allow direct deposits into ABLE accounts

A second bill, the ABLE Direct Deposit Act, would make it so employers or government programs can make direct deposits to ABLE accounts.
“Including direct deposit for ABLE accounts would make it easier for anyone with a disability to participate” in these accounts, Foley said.

Help inform people about ABLE programs

Because many of the individuals who are eligible to open ABLE accounts have not done so, a third proposal, the ABLE Awareness Act, seeks to educate more people about the accounts.
The bill calls for requiring both federal and state agencies to inform eligible individuals about ABLE accounts when they enroll in certain benefits programs.
In addition, the bill also calls for the creation of a grant program to allow states or groups of states to apply for funds to advertise ABLE programs in the media and on billboards. The grant program would be funded at $50 million per year for four years.

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The Federal Reserve held rates steady at the end of its two-day meeting Wednesday, but took one step closer to the first cut in four years.
For consumers, the days of sky-high borrowing costs may be numbered.

Customer shopping for school supplies with employee restocking shelves, Target store, Queens, New York.
Lindsey Nicholson | UCG | Universal Images Group | Getty Images

Now, as the central bank sets the stage to lower interest rates for the first time in years when it meets again in September, consumers may see their borrowing costs start come down as well — and some already are.
The federal funds rate, which the U.S. central bank sets, is the rate at which banks borrow and lend to one another overnight. Although that’s not the rate consumers pay, the Fed’s moves still affect the borrowing and savings rates they see every day.
“The first cut will not make a meaningful difference to people’s pocketbooks, but it will be the beginning of a series of rate cuts at the end of this year and into next year that will,” House said.
That could bring the the Fed’s benchmark fed funds rate from the current range of 5.25% to 5.50% to below 4% by the end of next year, according to some experts.
From credit cards and mortgage rates to auto loans and student debt, here’s a look at where those monthly interest expenses stand as we move closer to that initial interest rate cut.

Credit cards

Since most credit cards have a variable rate, there’s a direct connection to the Fed’s benchmark. In the wake of the rate hike cycle, the average credit card rate rose from 16.34% in March 2022 to more than 20% today — nearing an all-time high.
At the same time, with households struggling to keep up with the high cost of living, credit card balances are also higher and more cardholders are carrying debt from month to month or falling behind on payments.
A recent report from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve showed a record in credit card delinquencies, according to data going back to 2012. Revolving debt balances also reached a new high even as banks reported tightening credit standards and declining new card originations.
For those paying 20% interest — or more — on a revolving balance, annual percentage rates will start to come down when the Fed cuts rates. But even then they will only ease off extremely high levels, offering little in the way of relief, according to Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate.com.
“Rates are not going to fall fast enough to bail you out of a bad situation,” McBride said.
The best move for those with credit card debt is to take matters into their own hands, advised Matt Schulz, chief credit analyst at LendingTree.
“They can do that by getting a 0% balance transfer credit card or a low-interest personal loan or by calling their card issuer and requesting a lower interest rate on a card,” he said. “That works more often that you might think.”

Mortgage rates

While 15- and 30-year mortgage rates are fixed and mostly tied to Treasury yields and the economy, they are partly influenced by the Fed’s policy. Home loan rates have already started to fall, largely due to the prospect of a Fed-induced economic slowdown.
The average rate for a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage is now below 7%, according to Bankrate.
“If we continue to get good news on things like inflation, [mortgage rates] could continue trending downward,” said Jacob Channel, senior economist at LendingTree. “We shouldn’t expect any gargantuan drops in the immediate future, but we might see rates trending back to their 2024 lows over the coming weeks and months,” he said.
“If all goes really well, we could even end the year with the average rate on a 30-year, fixed mortgage closer to 6% than 6.5% or 7%.”
At first glance, that might not seem significant, Channel added, but “in mortgage land,” a nearly 50 basis-point drop “is nothing to scoff at.” A basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.

Auto loans

Auto loans are fixed. However, payments have been getting bigger because the interest rates on new loans are higher, and along with rising car prices that has resulted in less affordable monthly payments.
The average rate on a five-year new car loan is now just shy of 8%, according to Bankrate.
However, “the financing is one variable, and it’s frankly one of the smaller variables,” McBride said. For example, a quarter percentage point reduction in rates on a $35,000, five-year loan calculates to $4 a month, he said.
Consumers would benefit more from improving their credit scores, which could pave the way to even better loan terms, McBride said.

Student loans

Federal student loan rates are also fixed, so most borrowers aren’t immediately affected by the Fed’s moves. But undergraduate students who took out direct federal student loans for the 2023-24 academic year are paying 5.50%, up from 4.99% in 2022-23 — and the interest rate on federal direct undergraduate loans for the 2024-2025 academic year is 6.53%, the highest rate in at least a decade.
Private student loans tend to have a variable rate tied to the prime rate, Treasury bill or another rate index, which means those borrowers are already paying more in interest. How much more, however, varies with the benchmark.

Savings rates

While the central bank has no direct influence on deposit rates, the yields tend to be correlated to changes in the target federal funds rate.
As a result, top-yielding online savings account rates have made significant moves and are now paying as much as 5.5% — well above the rate of inflation, which is a rare win for anyone building up a cash cushion, according to Bankrate’s McBride.
But those rates will fall once the central bank lowers its benchmark, he added. “If you’ve been considering a certificate of deposit, now is the time to lock it in,” McBride said. “Those yields will not get better, so there is no advantage to waiting.”
Currently, a top-yielding one-year CD pays more than 5.3%, as good as a high-yield savings account.

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Pershing Square withdrew its IPO plans Wednesday afternoon amid low demand.
Bill Ackman said the firm would “report back” when it is ready to go public.
Pershing Square had $18.7 billion in assets under management as of the end of June.

Bill Ackman, CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management, speaks during an interview for an episode of “The David Rubenstein Show: Peer-to-Peer Conversations” in New York on Nov. 28, 2023.
Jeenah Moon | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Bill Ackman’s Pershing Square USA withdrew plans for an initial public offering after investor demand appeared to wane from original expectations.
But the hedge fund titan said he would be back with a revised plan for the offering for his fund, which he had wanted to model after Berkshire Hathaway.

Ackman wrote in a statement:

“While we have received enormous investor interest in PSUS, one principal question has remained: Would investors be better served waiting to invest in the aftermarket than in the IPO? This question has inspired us to reevaluate PSUS’s structure to make the IPO investment decision a straightforward one. We will report back once we are ready to launch a revised transaction.”

The withdrawal comes a day after the fund said it would be seeking to raise $2 billion, far below the possible $25 billion cited in previous reports. The announcement also comes on the back of a notice on the New York Stock Exchange’s website last Friday, which showed the billionaire investor was delaying his IPO.
Pershing Square had $18.7 billion in assets under management as of the end of June. Most of the money was under Pershing Square Holdings, a closed-end fund that trades in Europe.
On Monday, Bloomberg News reported citing sources that Baupost Group opted against investing in the offering after Ackman had originally touted in a letter to investors that Seth Klarman’s Boston-based hedge fund was participating.
Ackman’s move to publicly list Pershing Square was seen as a way to capitalize on his growing presence among retail investors. Currently, he has more than one million followers on social media platform X. On the platform, he has expressed his views on topics including the U.S. presidential election and antisemitism.

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In a speech Tuesday, Vice President Kamala Harris, the de facto Democratic nominee, positioned herself as a champion for the middle class.  
Here’s a look at how her economic agenda for middle-class families may take shape, based on the policies she advocated for during her first presidential bid in 2020 and as a senator.
One of her signature proposals as a senator was the LIFT the Middle Class Act, which would have provided a tax credit of up to $3,000 per person for low- and middle-income workers.

Vice President and 2024 Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris speaks at a campaign event in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 30, 2024.
Elijah Nouvelage | Afp | Getty Images

“Building up the middle class will be a defining goal of my presidency,” Vice President Kamala Harris said at a political event in Atlanta on Tuesday evening.
“When our middle class is strong, America is strong,” the de facto Democratic presidential nominee said to the crowd of more than 10,000 supporters.

“And to keep our middle class strong, families need relief from the high cost of living so that they have a chance, not to just to get by, but to get ahead,” she added.
Here’s a look at how Harris may make that happen, based on the policies she advocated for during her first presidential bid in 2020 and as a senator.
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One of Harris’ signature proposals as senator — the LIFT the Middle Class Act, or Livable Incomes for Families Today — would have provided an annual tax credit of up to $3,000 per person (or $6,000 per couple) for lower- and middle-income workers, on top of the benefits they already receive.
The size of the credit would have amounted to “significant tax relief,” according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

The Harris campaign did not immediately respond to CNBC’s request for comment. 

How the LIFT Act could look today

Since the LIFT Act was first proposed in 2018, the cost of living has only skyrocketed, hitting working-class Americans especially hard.
For these households, “real incomes have declined or remained flat due to inflation,” Tomas Philipson, former chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, told CNBC. That makes many workers feel less confident about their financial standing — and less satisfied with President Joe Biden’s handling of the economy.
At the same time, the rise of artificial intelligence has stoked fears about long-term job security.
In that context, “there’s a good rationale” for refloating a tax credit for those making under a certain income threshold, according to Laura Veldkamp, a professor of finance and economics at Columbia University Business School.
“A lot of people are asking the question, ‘Will AI take my job?’ There are people whose hard-earned skills could be obsolete,” she said. “One way to deal with that is to have more social insurance.”

But a tax credit like LIFT would also be extremely costly, according to Tax Policy Center estimates from 2018 and 2019.
To help cover the tab for the additional financial support, Harris at the time proposed repealing provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for taxpayers earning more than $100,000.
However, funding such a tax credit now could be tough amid growing concerns over the federal budget deficit. Harris will also need to address trillions of expiring tax cuts enacted by former President Donald Trump before 2025.

How the LIFT Act could support renters

A present-day version of the LIFT Act may benefit renters the most, as many are part of the income category the tax credit is targeting, according to Francesco D’Acunto, an associate professor of finance at Georgetown University.
D’Acunto and other experts suggest the LIFT Act might even be a better aid than the 5% rent cap proposal Biden unveiled on July 16. That proposal calls on Congress to cap rent increases from landlords with 50 existing units or more at 5% or risk losing federal tax breaks.
Harris also supported the idea of rent caps at the campaign rally in Atlanta: “We will take on corporate landlords and cap unfair rent increases.”
However economists have found that such policies inadvertently bring down the available supply of rental units. And rent-control policies could further affect an already, relatively short supply, according to a report by the Federal Reserve published in February.
Rental vacancy rates, or the percentage of all units available for rent, measure the tightness of rental markets; the higher the vacancy rate, the easier it is to find housing, per the Fed.
In 2021, the overall vacancy rate slid to 5.6%, the lowest level since 1984, the central bank found. Supply has since rebounded and plateaued at 6.6% in April, per census data via the Fed.

While the rent cap may lead consumers to believe prices will not increase significantly, it could have negative side effects, such as landlords taking their properties off the rental market, said Karl Widerquist, an economist and professor of philosophy at Georgetown University.
Plus, landlords who lose those federal tax breaks will still be able to raise rents, said Jacob Channel, a senior economist at LendingTree.
The advantage of the LIFT tax credit, said D’Acunto, is that it doesn’t create the same market distortions the rent cap would ignite. “But instead now on the side of the renter, we are actually very directly helping them to defray the effects of rent inflation,” he said.
Adds Widerquist: “We very often give tax benefits to all homeowners in the name of making it more affordable for people to become homeowners, and we don’t give a similar tax break to people who are paying rent. Those are the people who are struggling to become owners.”

Child tax credit is a ‘huge priority’ for Democrats

LIFT was first proposed years before Congress temporarily expanded the child tax credit during the Covid-19 pandemic, which could now be a bigger priority, experts say.
The American Rescue Plan boosted the child tax credit to $3,000 from $2,000, with an extra $600 for children under age 6 for 2021, and families received up to half upfront via monthly payments. Harris described the child tax credit changes as one of the “most important” and “most impactful” parts of the legislation in a 2021 speech.
The child poverty rate plunged to a historic low of 5.2% in 2021, largely due to the expansion, a Columbia University analysis found. Then in 2022, the rate more than doubled to 12.4% after pandemic relief expired, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

“Whereas the last administration gave tax cuts to billionaires, we gave tax cuts to families through the child tax credit, which cut child poverty in America by half,” Harris said at a political event in North Carolina in late July, before Biden left the race.
Biden’s fiscal year 2025 budget aimed to restore the 2021 child tax credit increase and House lawmakers in January passed a bipartisan tax package, which included a child tax credit expansion. The Senate has scheduled a procedural vote for the bill on Thursday, which will force lawmakers to take a stand on the issue ahead of November.
The enhanced tax break is “a huge priority for Democrats,” said Garrett Watson, senior policy analyst and modeling manager at the Tax Foundation. 
Still, it’s unclear whether Harris, now the clear front-runner for the nomination, will renew calls for LIFT or focus on the child tax credit, which has a different design but a similar goal, he said.
“It’s very hard to say whether they would revisit specific policy options from so long ago,” said Columbia Business School economics professor Brett House.
For now, “there are other cultural and political issues that are going to dominate.”

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